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Sign in via your Institution Sign in. Purchase Subscription prices and ordering for this journal Short-term Access To purchase short term access, please sign in to your Oxford Academic account above. President Obama was reelected in the election as well, becoming only the third Democrat to win a majority of the popular vote more than once while losing only two states that he had won in A central component of realignment is the change in behavior of voting groups.
Dealignment, in short, is a trend or process whereby a large portion of the electorate abandons its previous partisan affiliation, without developing a new one to replace it. Furthermore, dealignment refers to a decline by voters to their political party; that is a decrease in party loyalty and voters be less attached to their party.
This dealignment shows that short term factors might play a larger role than usual in whether a candidate receives a vote from someone of his party. Several factors can be attributed to partisan dealignment, such as a greater political awareness and socialisation, intensive mass media coverage and decline of deference; disillusionment both with parties and politicians, and most importantly, the poor performance of government.
Many scholars argue that the trends in elections in the United States over the last several decades are best characterized as dealignment.
More specifically, tipping point is a point in time when a group —or a large number of group members— rapidly and dramatically changes its behavior by widely adopting a previously rare practice.
The phrase was first used in sociology by Morton Grodzins when he adopted the phrase from physics where it referred to the adding a small amount of weight to a balanced object until the additional weight caused the object to suddenly and completely topple, or tip. Grodzins studied integrating American neighborhoods in the early s. He discovered that most of the white families remained in the neighborhood as long as the comparative number of black families remained very small.
Obama Campaign : Some people believe that is possibly a realigning election with a long-lasting impact, just as the election of Franklin D. In politics, an Independent or nonpartisan politician is an individual not affiliated to any political party. Describe independent voters in U. In politics, an independent or nonpartisan politician is an individual not affiliated to any political party. Independents may hold a centrist viewpoint between those of major political parties.
Sometimes, they hold a viewpoint more extreme than any major party, or they may have a viewpoint based on issues that they do not feel that any major party addresses. Other Independent politicians may be associated with a political party, were former members of it, or have views that align with it but choose not to stand under its label. Historically, George Washington was the only president elected as an Independent, as he was not formally affiliated with any party during his two terms.
John Tyler was expelled from the Whig Party in September and remained effectively an Independent for the remainder of his presidency, later returning to the Democrats. He briefly sought re- election in as a National Democrat, but he withdrew, as he feared to split the Democratic vote. Recent prominent Independent candidates for president of the United States include John Anderson in , Ross Perot in , and Ralph Nader in the and elections.
In , Independent Presidential candidate, Ralph Nader formed Independent parties in New Mexico, Delaware, and elsewhere to gain ballot access in several states. This strategy has been pursued by several Independent candidates for Federal races, including Joe Lieberman Connecticut for Lieberman , since in some states it is easier to gain ballot access by creating a new political party than to gather signatures for a nominating petition.
There have been several Independents elected to the United States Senate throughout history. Byrd, Jr. Some officials have been elected as members of a party but became an Independent while in office without being elected as such , such as Wayne Morse of Oregon or Virgil Goode of Virginia.
Nebraska senator George W. Norris was elected for four terms as a Republican before changing to an Independent after the Republicans lost their majority in Congress in Norris won re-election as an Independent in , but later lost his final re-election attempt to Republican Kenneth S. Wherry in In August , there were 12 people who held offices as Independents in state legislatures.
There were four state senators, one from Kentucky, one from Oregon, one from Tennessee, and one from New Mexico. The representatives came from the states of Louisiana two , Maine two , Vermont two , and Virginia two.
He did not run for reelection. Privacy Policy. Skip to main content. Interest Groups. Search for:. Modern Political Parties.
Red States vs. Learning Objectives Compare and contrast red states with blue states. Key Takeaways Key Points Since , red states are states that vote predominately Republican during an election while blue states are states that vote predominately Democratic during an election.
The red state-blue state designation has been criticized for not accurately predicting the outcomes of all elections, for ignoring closely divided states, and for not representing the outcomes of state and local elections accurately. Key Terms blue state : A state of the United States voting Democratic in a given election, or tending to vote Democratic in general. Party Realignments, Dealignments, and Tipping Realignment refers to national elections in which there are sharp changes in issues that produce new structures that lasts for decades.
Learning Objectives Compare and contrast realignment, dealignment and tipping point. Key Takeaways Key Points Realignment means the coming to power for several decades of a new coalition, replacing an old dominant coalition of the other party.
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