Why dna is negatively charged

Sparkler Sparkler 4, 4 4 gold badges 31 31 silver badges 55 55 bronze badges. Add a comment. Active Oldest Votes. What part in the strand contributes to the overall non neutral charge?

Lehninger 5th edition. Part of figure DNA is not isolated in the body, so what keeps it stable while being charged? Histones play a really important key role in the regulation and compaction of DNA within the nucleus of the cell, and are important targets of diverse molecules that want to alter DNA structure and function: Lehninger 5th edition. Figure Why is it important for DNA to be charged? Improve this answer.

Welcome to the site, hope to see you around! Biologists Biologists 21 1 1 bronze badge. Sign up or log in Sign up using Google. Sign up using Facebook.

Sign up using Email and Password. Post as a guest Name. Email Required, but never shown. Featured on Meta. Now live: A fully responsive profile. Version labels for answers. Linked 3. The above information described the B-form of DNA. DNA is also found in A- and Z-forms [8]. When the DNA becomes dehydrated, the A-form can be observed [9].

It is also right-handed, but there are 11 bases per turn and the helix is broader. The diameter is Another difference is that the tilt of the base pairs increases by 18o, to 19o from perpendicular to the helix axis. The Z-form differs far more as it is a left-handed double helix. This form is rarely seen without the help of high salt concentrations [10].

The bonds are zigzagged as the bonds are alternating anti and syn whereas A- and B-forms are anti only. The Z-form is narrower, having a diameter of only It is thought that transitions between the B and Z forms of DNA may be involved in the regulation of gene regulation. B-DNA is most commonly seen in all life forms [11] , however, A-helical and Z-helical structures co-exsist in cells; i.

The DNA of the Indian muntjac which is an Asiatic deer has the longest length approximately 3 billion nucleotides among all the known DNA molecules of other organisms [3]. DNA is negatively charged due to the negativley charged phosphate ions in the sugar-phosphate backbone. Hence it can be used for gel electrophoresis to identify different lengths of DNA. The negative charge of the backbone, along with the OH-groups on the deoxyribose sugar , means that the backbone is Hydrophillic as water can form hydrogen bonds with it.

The hydrophillic outer and hydrophobic inner of the DNA molecule means that it is soluble in water [12]. In this process, the e nzyme DNA helicase unwinds the double helix by breaking the hydrogen bonds between the complementary bases on each strand revealing the 2 seperate strands.

On these strands are the revealed bases, which attract complementary bases on free nucleotides. The free nucleotides are joined together by an enzyme DNA polymerase. Latest Reply:.

Hello Jery, DNA is a negatively charged polymer that is made up of nucleotide building blocks. Each nucleotide consists of a phosphate group, a deoxyribose sugar group, and a nitrogenous base. Nucleotides are covalently linked to one another via the formation of phosphodiester bonds between the sugar group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of a second nucleotide.

Furthermore, DNA forms a double helix. In a nutshell, the structure of DNA can be thought of as a twisted ladder with its complementary base pairs making up the rungs of the ladder and the sugar-phosphate backbone of each strand making up each side of the ladder.

The phosphate groups that make up the sugar-phosphate backbone are responsible. You might be interested to read that molecular biologists capitalize on this property of DNA to isolate DNA fragments of differing sizes. Because DNA is negatively charged, molecular biologists often use agarose gel electrophoresis to separate different sized DNA fragments when DNA samples are subjected to an electric field — due to their negative charge, all of the DNA fragments will migrate toward the positively charged electrode, but smaller DNA fragments will migrate at a faster pace than larger DNA fragments.

This simple, yet powerful, technique allows researchers to isolate DNA fragments of different sizes. Supercoiling is a term used to describe what happens when the two strands of a double-stranded, double helical DNA molecule are separated from each other, which occurs during DNA replication and transcription. One way to visualize supercoiling is to think about what happens when you twist a rubber band and then hold onto one end of it while trying to open it in the middle — the original coils will twist on top of each other to form a condensed, twisted ball.

This is what supercoiling is like. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic chromosomal DNA is organized in different ways. Due to the circular nature of most prokaryotic chromosomes, they are often highly supercoiled under normal growth conditions. In contrast, eukaryotic chromosomes are linear and packaged using histone proteins, which are not present in most prokaryotic cells. As a result, eukaryotic chromosomes are not nearly as supercoiled as prokaryotic chromosomes.

Intriguingly, genomes can be negatively supercoiled, i. Hi Mithun, DNA is a negatively charged polymer that is made up of nucleotide building blocks.

Because DNA is negatively charged, molecular biologists often use agarose gel electrophoresis to separate different sized DNA fragments when DNA samples are subjected to an electric field — due to their negative charge, all the DNA fragments will migrate toward the positively charged electrode, but smaller DNA fragments will migrate at a faster pace than larger DNA fragments.

Can u help to clarify genetics and breeding of eggplant? Welcome back Sanjeevsingh, You seem interested in broadening your interests beyond peppers to learn about eggplant genetics and breeding. Eggplants belong to the genus Solanum. Although eggplants are native to India, they are grown throughout the world.

In line with our previous answers to your questions about pepper plants, the Solanum genus includes many different varieties of eggplants that come in different sizes, shapes, and colors e. As you noted, eggplants are also susceptible to many types of pathogens and insects — with bacteria and fungal wilts being the most detrimental.