Only electrons are actually moving, but the holes can be considered as having positively charged particles. Semiconductor material Semiconductor material…Silicon. Forming crystals by bonding silicon atoms in a regular structure. Some of the silicon atoms are replaced with P phosphorus.
As leaders in our industry, we have the expertise and capability to produce and deliver the highest quality silicon wafer products. Connect with our silicon wafer manufacturing company online or give us a call at today! Looking for a specific product? Search here. Sign In 0. Why is Silicon Used for Electronic Devices? August 31, Shop Now. The period number is the highest energy level of an unexcited electron.
By examining the position of an element within the Table one can ascertain the electron configuration including the number of shells and number of electrons in each shell, especially the number of electrons in the valence or outer shell. Various editions of the Table contain additional information such as atomic weight. Cells are color coded, indicating the type of element, i. Elements located in the same column group have identical valence populations.
They are therefore chemically similar as this determines the ways in which they react with other elements. Since they are in the same column, we know that silicon and germanium have the same number of electrons in their outer or valence shell. Germanium atoms have one more shell than silicon atoms, but what makes for the interesting semiconductor properties is the fact that both have four electrons in the valence shell.
As a consequence, both materials readily constitute themselves as crystal lattices. Substituted atoms alter the electrical properties. The process of adding these atoms is known as doping. Doping may take place by passing a gas over the crystalline material, sometimes for several hours.
If the dopant material is composed of atoms with five valence electrons, there will be extra free electrons and an n-type semiconductor is produced.
If the dopant material is composed of atoms with three valence electrons, there is a deficiency of free electrons and a p-type semiconductor is produced.
Silicon is the second most abundant element on earth after Oxygen. Most Silicon is found in soil and rock, but Silicon is also contained in natural water, trees and plants. In nature, however, Silicon is found in the form of compounds with Oxygen, Aluminum and Magnesium.
As a result, the Silicon element must be extracted from the compound and purified. A single crystal structure is a structure whereby atoms are arranged in an orderly fashion in three dimensions, and the basic unit of the arrangement is called the crystal lattice.
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